Indian Scenario
| |
India is one of top ten obese patients in the world
today. 120 million urban Indians are obese today. 45% of female
population in metros is obese. It is a major problem affecting
Indian society. |
Causes
| |
It is a major
health problem affecting globally, and is like an epidemic in
21st century.
This is due to bad food
habits like eating high caloric junk food, leading a sedentary life
style. This has a net caloric gain effect and accumulation of body
fat ultimately causing
obesity. |
BMI Calculation
| | BMI is not how you look, but rather an indication
of the effect of your weight on your health. As BMI increases your
risk of health also increases.
It is a simple index of a ratio of weight(in
kg)/ height (in mtr2) that is used to asses the
obesity. It is a very useful population level measure as it is same
for both sex. BMI of more than 25 is considered as over weight, and
BMI more than 30 as an obese.
WHO Classification of
Obesity :
|
BMI |
| Underweight |
< 18.5 |
| Normal |
18.5 - 24.5 |
| Overweight |
25 - 29.9 |
| Class I Obesity |
30 - 34.9 |
| Class II Obesity |
35 - 39.9 |
| Class III Obesity |
40 - 49.9 |
| Super Obese |
>
50 |
|
Health Risk Obesity
| | Obesity doubles the risk of early deaths if one’s
weight is more than twice the ideal. It also involves 5-7 times
greater risk of death due to Diabetis or My-cardial Infarction. They
also have high incidence of cancers. People who are obese (BMI : 30
to 34.9) have 9% (female) or 23% (Male)
increased risk of death from cancer. Thus obese patients do not live
long as compared to general population & have a reduced life
expectancy. It has numerous negative social, psychological and economic
repercussion on obese patient.
Co morbid
conditions
Hypertension
Diabetes mellitus [Type II]
Hyperlipidemia
Gastro esophageal reflux
Sleep
apnoea
Osteoarthritis
Infertility
Menstrual disorders
|
Management of
overweight & obese patients
| |
| BMI |
Treatment
Options |
| 20 - 25 |
Exercise |
|
Diet Modification |
|
Life style management |
| 25 - 30 |
Exercise |
|
Low calorie diet |
| 30 - 35 |
Low calorie
diet
Exercise |
|
Drugs |
| 35 - 40 |
Low calorie diet |
|
Drugs |
|
Surgery |
| 40 - 50 |
Surgery |
| More than 50 |
Surgery |
|
|
|
|
